CURRY LEAVES


Curry leaves are extremely popular in various culinary recipes in the Indian subcontinent at acts flavor and aroma to vegetables and curries.Fresh Curry Leaf trees are botanically classified as Murraya koenigii and are part of the Rutaceae family that also includes citrus. This herb is also called sweet neem.



Fresh Curry leaves are used in traditional medicinal practices as well as in cooking. They are considered antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and even anti-diabetic. They are used to keep the skin and hair healthy, along with the digestive system. 



Fresh Curry leaves are glossy green leaves that grow pinnately along a stem. They are extremely aromatic and have a strong flavor that has been compared to citrus, asafoetida, anise, and lemon grass. They can be stored for up to six weeks in the freezer or even longer after being dried and stored in an air-tight container. 


The nutritional values of 100g of curry leaves are:
ENERGY
108kcal
PROTEINS
6g
FAT
1g
CARBOHYDRATES
18.7g
CALCIUM
830mg
IRON
0.93mg
MAGNESIUM
44mg
VITAMIN C
4mg

In Ayurvedic medicine, curry leaves are believed to have several medicinal properties such as anti-diabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and hepato-protective (capability to protect liver from damage) properties. The roots are used for treating body aches and the bark is used for snake bite relief.


HEALTH BENEFITS OF CURRY LEAVES


Pregnancy: Expectant mothers have also been using curry leaves to reduce the discomfort of morning sickness. This condition is usually seen in the first trimester of pregnancy. The changes in a pregnant woman’s hormones cause nausea that may lead to vomiting. A boiled essence of the bark is used to control nausea and prevent excessive.

Diarrhea: The carbazole extracts from curry leaves had significantly controlled castor oil-induced diarrhea. A bunch of curry leaves can be ground up and the paste can be eaten or the juice of the leaves can be consumed.

Fights Cancer: The chemical constituents found in curry leaves such as phenols are helpful in fighting cancers such as leukemia, prostate cancer and colorectal cancers.

Eye Disorder: The fresh juice of curry leaves are also used as an eye treatment for certain eye disorders, especially in arresting the development of cataract. Traditional practitioners suffuse the fresh extract of curry leaves in the eyes of patients who suffer from bad eyesight thus helping them to prevent early development of eye disorders.

Protects the Liver: Liver plays a major role in the digestive system and it needs to be protected from any attack by free radicals, as well as viral and bacterial attacks that can result in infection. Research on curry leaves has indicated that the tannins and carbazole alkaloids present in curry leaves exhibited good hepato-protective properties. They are also helpful in protecting the liver from various diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis.

Lowers Cholesterol Levels: Curry leaves are also known to reduce bad LDL cholesterol level.

Hair Growth: Curry leaves are believed to help in strengthening hair roots. Dry curry leaf powder mixed in oil can be applied to your hair with a quick massage. The paste from curry leaves can also be applied in cases of gray hair. Doing these on a regular basis can improve hair growth as well.

Anti-Diabetic Properties: Perhaps one of the biggest health benefits of curry leaves is its use in diabetes control. The anti-hyperglycemic properties of curry leaves were beneficial in controlling blood glucose levels in diabetic.


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CHARTERING BUSINESS

CHARTERING BUSINESS

Chartering is an activity within the shipping industry. In some cases a charterer may own cargo and employ a shipbroker to find a ship to deliver the cargo for a certain price, called freight rate. In a chartering business there are three types of persons involved.

01) Ship owner
02) Charterer
03) Brokers   

01) Ship owner: The person entering into the charter party with the charterer is known as the ship owner or owner who owns or operate ships. Some owners are of a single ship, others of large fleets. Some concentrate on ships of a particular type or size. Many ships are owned, in the legal sense, by financial institutions. This is usually because the ships are being purchased under a hire purchase arrangement. Some ship owners are state-controlled or run their ships under the flag of the country in which they reside, while others operate ships under a ‘convenient’ flag.

Operators who employ a ship and then re-employ that vessel for further business chartering her out in a new role are described as disponent owners or time charter owners.  A disponent owner is a party deemed to be the ship owner having control of the vessel by time charter.

02) Charterer: The person entering into the charter party with the ship owner is known as the charterer who in search of vacant cargo space for transporting his commodity.

Kinds of charterers
Ø  Individuals operating small corporations
Ø  Major international trading-houses
Ø  The owner of the goods to be carried.
Ø  The seller or the buyer of a commodity.
Ø  Intermediary between buyer and seller(third party)
Ø  Ship owners/NVOCC/MTO
Ø  Forwarders

03) Brokers: The individuals or corporations who identify supply and demand for ships and cargoes and thereby help the main-players to secure cargoes for their ships and ships for their cargoes are called shipbrokers or chartering brokers.

The chartering broker should keep both the ship owner and the charterer continuously informed about the market situation and the market development, about available cargo proposals and shipment possibilities.A typical deep-sea dry cargo fixture will involve at least two chartering brokers - one representing the ship owner, the other representing the charterer. Sometimes there will be more brokers in the chain.

BROKERAGE

The chartering broker’s income is in the form of the reward of commission or brokerage paid for a successful introduction and negotiation between ship owner and charterer leading to a fixture. Even after hard work and expense, a negotiation that does not lead to a fixture will normally result in no payment of any kind to the broker in the middle. Unless otherwise expressly agreed, commission is payable only on freight or hire earned and paid; it is customary in a voyage charter for this to be extended by agreement to allow commission to be payable on dead freight and/or demurrage, if any.
 On time charter similarly it can be extended to a ballast bonus. In chartering it is the usual practice for a commission clause to appear in the contract and the commission is customarily payable by the ship owner to the charterer's broker as well as to the owner's broker.

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PEANUTS

PEANUTS

Peanuts, popularly known as groundnuts, monkey nuts, pig nuts, etc belong to the Fabaceae (bean) family. Despite their name, peanuts are not actually nuts, they are legumes. In most culinary uses, peanuts are classified as nuts because they behave more like nuts in the kitchen than other legumes, such as lentils and beans. large percentage of the annual peanut harvest is pressed to yield peanut oil, a pale yellow, neutrally flavored oil with a very high smoking point. Peanut oil is ideal for frying, and is widely used in many countries for this purpose.

Following is a peanut nutritional value table, that could vary depending upon the way and form (salted, plain, roasted, butter, etc) it is consumed. Nevertheless, what do not change are the many health benefits of peanuts. The table is for one ounce of shelled peanuts, equivalent to 28g.

                                                                                 

NUTRIENT
NUTRITIONAL VALUE
CALORIES
166 calories
PROTEIN
7.8 g
CALCIUM
17.1 mg
POTASSIUM
203 mg
MAGNESIUM
49.3 mg
PHOSPHOROUS
111 mg
SODIUM
89.6 mg
FOLATE
33.6 mcg
CARBOHYDRATES
4.3 g
DIETARY FIBER
2.6 g
TOTAL FAT
14.7 mg


Benefits of Peanuts

  • Peanuts are rich in energy  and contain health benefiting nutrients, minerals, antioxidants and vitamins that are essential for optimum health.
  • They compose sufficient levels of mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), especially oleic acid. MUFA helps lower LDL or "bad cholesterol" and increases HDL or "good cholesterol” level in the blood..
  • Peanut kernels are good source of dietary protein; compose fine quality amino acids that are essential for growth and development.
  • Research studies have shown that peanuts contain high concentrations of poly-phenolic antioxidants, primarily p-coumaric acid. This compound has been thought to reduce the risk of stomach cancer by limiting formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines in the stomach.
  • Peanuts are an excellent source of resveratrol, another polyphenolic antioxidant. Resveratrol has been found to have protective function against cancers, heart disease, degenerative nerve disease, Alzheimer's disease, and viral/fungal infections.
  • The kernels are an excellent source of vitamin E containing about 8 g per100 g. vitamin E is a powerful lipid soluble antioxidant which helps maintain the integrity of cell membrane of mucus membranes and skin by protecting from harmful oxygen free radicals.
  • The nuts are packed with many important B-complex groups of vitamins such as riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B-6, and folates. 100 g of peanuts provide about 85% of RDI of niacin, which contribute to brain health and blood flow to brain.
  • The nuts are rich source of minerals like copper, manganese, potassium, calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc, and selenium.
    
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BASIL LEAVES

BASIL LEAVES




BASIL HERB (OCIMUM BASILICUM), FRESH LEAVES,
NUTRITIVE VALUE PER 100 G.
(Source: USDA National Nutrient data base)
PRINCIPLE
NUTRIENT VALUE
PERCENTAGE OF RDA
ENERGY
23 KCAL
1%
CARBOHYDRATES
2.65 G
2%
PROTEIN
3.15 G
6%
TOTAL FAT
0.64 G
2%
CHOLESTEROL
0 MG
0%
DIETARY FIBER
1.60 G
4%
VITAMINS
FOLATES
68 µG
17%
NIACIN
0.902 MG
6%
PANTOTHENIC ACID
0.209 MG
4%
PYRIDOXINE
0.155 MG
12%
RIBOFLAVIN
0.076 MG
6%
THIAMIN
0.034 MG
2.5%
VITAMIN A
5275 IU
175%
VITAMIN C
18 MG
30%
VITAMIN E
0.80 MG
5%
VITAMIN K
414.8 µG
345%
ELECTROLYTES
SODIUM
4 MG
0%
POTASSIUM
295 MG
6%
MINERALS
CALCIUM
177 MG
18%
COPPER
385 MG
43%
IRON
3.17 MG
40%
MAGNESIUM
64 MG
16%
MANGANESE
1.15 MG
57%
ZINC
0.81 MG
7%
PHYTO-NUTRIENTS
CAROTENE-ß
3142 µG
--
CRYPTO-XANTHIN-ß
46 µG
--
LUTEIN-ZEAXANTHIN
5650 µG
--
Botanical name: Ocimum basilicum



BASIL leaves the “queen of herbs” is the most sacred of all the herbs found in India. This herbal has been used in India for around 5000 years and is praised for its healing properties of the mind, body and spirit. 

















       



Basil is used as an antiseptic, antivirus, anti-bacteria and antibiotic. Traditionally, the juice is used as an expectorant, stimulant and demulcent. It is rich in chemical constituents like volatile oil, fenile, aldehydes, stable oil, alkaloid, tannins, glycoside and the leaves have carotene and ascorbic acid.


MEDICINAL USES OF BASIL LEAVES


DIABETES

Help to control blood sugar level; It reduces the blood sugar levels by causing a sudden or drastic drop.



CHILDREN’S AILMENTS


Common pediatric problems like cough, cold diarrhea and vomiting respond favorably to Basil juice. 



HEART DISORDER


Basil is very beneficial in combating cardiac disease and the weakness resulting from it. It reduces blood cholesterol levels. It’s also contains Vitamin C and other anti-oxidants such as Eugenol protects the heart from harmful effects of free radicals and also reduce blood pressure and thus is useful for heart patients.


KIDNEY STONES


Its leaves have a strengthening effect on the kidneys. In case of renal stones, the consumption of juice of basil leaves mixed with honey helps remove these stones through the urinary tract. Basil being a detoxifying agent can help to reduce uric acid level.



EYE DISORDER


Basil juice is an effective remedy for sore eyes and night blindness, which is generally caused by lack of Vitamin A. Two drops of basil juice can work wonders for the eyes. It soothes eyes and reduces stress. Also, it can protect from conjunctivitis, boils and other problems of the eyes which are caused mainly due to bacterial and fungal infections by washing eyes with water soaked in Basil leaves.


 ANTI-CANCER


Basil leaves is an anti-carcinogenic in nature and helps to treat some forms of cancer like breast cancer. It’s restricts the blood vessels that feed tumors. It also helps to inhibit the growth of oral cancer that is caused due to tobacco. But Basil should not be used as a sole treatment of cancer however.


GUM DISORDER


The leaves are also useful in treating gum disorders. The leaves are dried and powdered can be used for brushing teeth. It can also be mixed with mustard oil and can be used as toothpaste. It maintains the health of the gums and helps to counteract pyorrhea and other dental problems.


GET RID OF BAD BREATH


Bad breath can be detrimental to your self-confidence. Basil leaves can be a healthy substitute to special toothpastes and chewing gums to ward off bad breath.

SKIN DISEASES


Basil leaves extracts make the most organic solution for skin and hair problems, and it is endowed with antiseptic and purifying qualities which help to prevent skin diseases.


AIDS IN WEIGHT LOSS


Basil leaves taken with home-made fresh curd help in reducing excess weight and fight laziness by renewing energy levels and facilitating new blood cells formation.


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