TAMARIND SEED

TAMARIND SEED

Tamarind tree is very popular in India, is a very large tree with long, heavy drooping branches, and dense foliage. During each season, the tree bears curved fruit pods in abundance covering all over its branches. Each pod has hard outer shell encasing deep brown soft pulp enveloping around ten hard dark-brown seeds. Its pulp and seeds held together by extensive fiber network.

The seeds of tamarind are roasted and used as snack in the rural areas of India. Tamarind seed is a rich source of magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, Vitamin C and amino acids. It is black in color, with a shiny coat. 

Tamarind Seeds and its powder are very nutritious and have lots of health benefits. Botanically known as Tamarindus Indica, the tamarind plant invariably grows in the tropical regions and is highly appreciated for its ornamental qualities. Belonging to the vast plant family Caesalpiniacae, Tamarind plant has marked a distinct identity of its own due to its numerous uses in food, medicine and other arenas. 

USES OF TAMARIND SEED

Tamarind has the ability to lower levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) thereby promoting healthy cardiovascular health, this because of the presence of phenols, antioxidants beneficial for levels of HDL.

Paste of tamarind seeds acts as an antidote and is used as a home remedy for insect bites and stings.

Powdered tamarind seeds mixed with turmeric paste are used as a treatment for inflammation and sores in many Asian cultures.

Paste or powder of tamarind seeds is used as a home remedy for relief from styes and burns.

Tamarind seed is also a perfect anti-aging product. The extract that you get from tamarind seeds is good for the skin also. It helps in improving the elasticity of the skin and also keeps the skin smooth and well hydrated. These seeds are rich in hyaluronic acid, which is very beneficial in moisturizing the skin and removing the fine lines and wrinkles on the skin. The extract of tamarind seeds is rich in xyloglycans, which is an important ingredient in many of the cosmetic products as well as pharmaceutical products. 

Tamarind seed juice is sticky in nature and this helps in protecting you from colon cancer. So have a glass of tamarind seeds juice daily to stay away from cancer.

The outer cover of the tamarind seeds is effective for treating diarrhea and dysentery.

If you have suffered any fractures of the body, make a thick paste of tamarind seeds and apply it on the affected area. This helps in curing it effectively.

Tamarind seeds are rich sources of potassium, which help in providing you a healthy heart. It is also good for those who suffer from hypertension.

Consuming tamarind seeds is an excellent way to increase your immunity and thus you can protect your body from various diseases and disorders.

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ALOE VERA

ALOE VERA 

Aloe vera is quite an incredible medicinal plant full of nutritional benefits. It is a succulent plant and part of the lily family (Liliaceae), the same family that garlic and onions belong to. Different parts of the plant are used for different purposes and aloe vera has both internal and external applications.

It grows wild in tropical climates around the world and is cultivated for agricultural and medicinal uses. Aloe is also used for decorative purposes and grows successfully indoors as a potted plant, could be considered a super food, the leaf is filled with a gel containing at least 75 nutrients, 20 minerals, 12 vitamins, 18 amino acids, and 200 active enzymes. These compounds, particularly acemannan, have tremendous benefit and potential in external and internal applications.

USES OF ALOE VERA

Aloe vera is a well-known adaptogen. An adaptogen is something that boosts the body’s natural ability to adapt to external changes and resist illness.

Aloe vera is an alkaline forming food. It alkalizes the body, helping to balance overly acidic dietary habits.

Aloe is known to soothe and cleanse the digestive tract and help improve digestion.

Aloe vera juice may be able to help lower the risk of heart disease.It will help the proper elimination of waste from your body and help the detoxification of your body.

Aloe is also an antipyretic which means it used to reduce or prevent fever.

The anti-inflammatory properties of Aloe Vera help it to work efficiently on joint and muscle pains. Applying aloe gel topically eases inflammation of the joints. Aloe juice can also be consumed to reduce inflammation throughout the body, thus revitalizing your body.

Aloe acts as an analgesic, acting to help relieve pain of wounds. Aloe Vera is an astringent, which causes the contraction of body tissues, typically used to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions.

The extract of Aloe Vera has been shown to be an excellent stimulant of the uterus. Intake of Aloe Vera juice is very beneficial during painful menstruation.

Aloe Vera has proven to be an excellent option for promoting hair growth naturally. The hair products that contain Aloe Vera are essential to retain voluminous and healthy hair. You can apply Aloe Vera gel on the entire scalp and hair to treat hair loss. Aloe Vera has an enzyme that is beneficial in stimulating hair growth.

For requirements, Please contact the below mail

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CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN

The importers in several countries require a certificate of origin without which clearance to import is refused. The certificate of origin states that the goods exported are originally manufactured in the country whose name is mentioned in the certificate.

Certificate of origin is required when:-

(1)        The goods produced in a particular country are subject to preferential tariff rates in the foreign market at the time of import.

(2)        The goods produced in a particular country are banned for import in the foreign market.

TYPES OF THE CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN

NON-PREFERENTIAL CERTIFICATE, OF ORIGIN 

    Non-preferential certificate of origin is required in general by all countries for clearance of goods by the importer, on which no preferential tariff is given. It is issued by:

• The authorized Chamber of Commerce of the exporting country.
• Trade Association. Of the exporting country.

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN FOR AVAILING CONCESSIONS UNDER GSP

       Certificate of origin required for availing of concessions under Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) extended by certain, countries such as France, Germany, Italy, BENELUX countries, UK, Australia; Japan, USA, etc. This certificate can be obtained from specialized agencies, namely;

• Export Inspection Agencies.
• Jt. Director General of Foreign Trade.
• Commodity Boards and their regional offices.
• Development Commissioner, Handicrafts.
• Textile Committees for textile products.
• Marine Products Export Development Authority for marine products.
• Development Commissioners of EPZs

CERTIFICATE FOR AVAILING CONCESSIONS UNDER COMMONWEALTH PREFERENCES (CWP)

      Certificate of origin for the purpose of Commonwealth Preference is also known as 'Combined Certificate of Origin and Value'. It is required by two member countries, i.e. Canada and New Zealand of the Commonwealth. For concession under Commonwealth preferences, the certificates or origin have to be submitted in special forms obtainable, from the High Commission of the country concerned.

CERTIFICATE FOR AVAILING CONCESSIONS UNDER OTHER SYSTEMS OF PREFERENCE

       Certificate of origin is also required for tariff concessions. Under the Global System of Trade Preferences (GSTP), Bangkok Agreement(BA) and SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) under which India grants and receives tariff concessions On imports and exports. Export Inspection Council (EIC) is the sole authority to print blank Certificates of Origin under BA, SAARC and SAPTA which can be issued by such agencies as EPCs, DCs of EPZs, EIC, APEDA, MPEDA, FIEO, etc...

Contents of Certificate of Origin

·               Name and logo of chamber of commerce.

·               Name and address of the exporter.

·               Name and address of the consignee.

·               Name and the number of Vessel of Flight

·               Name of the port of loading.

·               Name of the port of discharge and place of delivery.

·               Marks and container number.

·               Packing and container description.

·               Total number of containers and packages.

·               Description of goods in terms of quantity.

·               Signature and initials of the concerned officer of the issuing authority.

·               Seal of the issuing authority.

Significance of the Certificate of Origin

      Certificate of origin is required for availing of concessions under Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) as well as under Commonwealth Preferences (CWP). It is to be submitted to the customs for the assessment of duty clearance of goods with concessional duty.   It is required when the goods produced in a particular country are banned for import in the foreign market.

It helps the buyer in adhering to the import regulations of the country.    Sometimes, in order to ensure that goods bought from some other country have not been reshipped by a seller, a certificate of origin is required.

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RISKS INVOLVED IN FOREIGN TRADE

RISKS INVOLVED IN FOREIGN TRADE

As an exporter while selling goods abroad, they encounter various types of risks. The major risks which you have to undergo are as follows:

• Credit Risk
• Currency Risk
• Carriage Risk
• Country Risk

You can protect yourself against the above risks by initiating appropriate steps.

CREDIT RISKS

You can cover your credit risk against the foreign buyer by insisting upon opening a letter of credit in your favour. Alternatively one can avail of the facility offered by various credit risk agencies. A specific insurance cover can also be obtained from ECGC (Exports Credit & Guarantee Corporation) to cover your country risk besides covering credit risk.

CURRENCY RISKS

As regards covering the currency risk, due to the exchange rate fluctuations, you can request your banker to book a forward contract.

CARRIAGE RISK

The carriage risk can be covered by taking an appropriate general insurance policy.

COUNTRY RISK

ECGC provides cover to protect the exporter from country risks.

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MARINE INSURANCE POLICY

MARINE INSURANCE POLICY

Goods in transit are subject to risks of loss of goods arising due to fire on the ship, perils of sea, thefts etc. Marine insurance protects losses incidental to voyages and in land transportation.

Marine Insurance Policy is one of the most important document used as collateral security because it protects the interest of all those who have insurable interest at the time of loss. The exporter is bound to insure the goods in case of CIF quotation, but he can also insure the goods in case of FOB contract, at the request of the importer, but the premium payment will be made by the exporter.

There are different types of policies such as

Specific Policy:  This policy is taken to cover different risks for a single shipment. For a regular exporter, this policy is not advisable as he will have to take a separate policy every time the shipment is made, so this policy is taken when exports are infrequent.

Floating Policy: This policy is taken to cover all shipments for same months. There is no time limit, but there is a limit on the value of goods and once this value is crossed by several shipments, then it has to be renewed.

Open Policy: This policy remains in force until cancelled by either party, i.e. insurance company or the exporter.

Open Cover Policy: This policy is generally issued for 12 months period, for all shipments to one or all destinations. The open cover may specify the maximum value of consignment that may be sent pre ship and if the value exceeded, the insurance company must be informed by the exporter.

Insurance Premium: Differs upon from product to product and a number of other such factors, such as, distance of voyage, type and condition of packing etc. Premium for air consignments are lower as compared to consignments by sea.

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BILL OF LADING

BILL OF LADING

    The bill of lading is a document issued by the shipping company or its agent acknowledging the receipt of goods on board the vessel, and undertaking to deliver the goods in the like order and condition as received, to the consignee or his order, provided the freight and other charges as specified in the bill have been duly paid. It is also a document of title to the goods and as such, is freely transferable by endorsement and delivery.

       Bill of Lading serves three main purposes as a document of title to the goods; As a receipt from the shipping company and as a contract for the transportation of goods.

TYPES OF BILL OF LADING

CLEAN BILL OF LADING

A bill of lading acknowledging receipt of the goods apparently in good order and condition and without any qualification is termed as a clean bill of lading.

    CLAUSED BILL OF LADING

A bill of lading qualified with certain adverse marks such as, "goods insufficiently packed in accordance with the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act," is termed as a claused bill of lading.

TRANSHIPMENT  BILL OF LADING

When the carrier uses other transport facilities, such as rail, road, or another steamship company in addition to his own, the carrier issues a through or transhipment bill of lading.

STALE BILL OF LADING

A bill of lading that has been held too long before it is passed on to a bank for negotiation or to the consignee is called a stale bill of lading.

FREIGHT PREPAID BILL OF LADING

When freight is paid at the time of shipment or in advance, the bill of lading is marked, freight paid. Such bill of lading is known as freight prepaid bill of lading.

FREIGHT COLLECT BILL OF LADING

When the freight is not paid and is to be collected from the consignee on the arrival of the goods, the bill of lading is marked, freight collect and is known as freight collect bill of lading.

Contents of Bill of Lading

• Name and logo of the shipping line.
• Name and address of the shipper.
• Name and the number of vessel.
• Name of the port of loading.
• Name of the port of discharge and place of delivery.
• Marks and container number.
• Packing and container description.
• Total number of containers and packages,
• Description of goods in terms of quantity.
• Container status and seal number.    
• Gross weight in kg. and volume in terms of cubic meters.
• Amount of freight paid or payable.
• Shipping bill number and date.
• Signature and initials of the Chief Officer.

SIGNIFICANCE OF BILL OF LADING FOR EXPORTERS

It is a contract between the shipper and the shipping company for carriage of the goods to the port of destination. It is an acknowledgement indicating that the goods mentioned in the document have been received on board for the Purpose of shipment. A clean bill of lading certifies that the goods received on board the ship are in order and good condition. It is useful for claiming incentives offered by the government to exporters. The exporter can claim damages from the shipping company if the goods are lost or damaged after the issue of a clean bill of lading.

SIGNIFICANCE OF BILL OF LADING FOR IMPORTERS

It acts as a document of title to goods, which is transferable endorsement and delivery.  The exporter sends the bill of lading to the bank of the importer so as to enable him to take the delivery of goods.  The exporter can give advance intimation to the foreign buyer about the shipment of goods by sending him a non-negotiable copy of bill of lading.

SIGNIFICANCE OF BILL OF LADING FOR SHIPPING COMPANY

It is useful to the shipping company for collection of transport charges from the importer, if not collected from the exporter.

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CURRY LEAVES

Curry leaves are extremely popular in various culinary recipes in the Indian subcontinent at acts flavor and aroma to vegetables and curries.Fresh Curry Leaf trees are botanically classified as Murraya koenigii and are part of the Rutaceae family that also includes citrus. This herb is also called sweet neem.

Fresh Curry leaves are used in traditional medicinal practices as well as in cooking. They are considered antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and even anti-diabetic. They are used to keep the skin and hair healthy, along with the digestive system. 

Fresh Curry leaves are glossy green leaves that grow pinnately along a stem. They are extremely aromatic and have a strong flavor that has been compared to citrus, asafoetida, anise, and lemon grass. They can be stored for up to six weeks in the freezer or even longer after being dried and stored in an air-tight container. 

The nutritional values of 100g of curry leaves are:

ENERGY	108kcal
PROTEINS	6g
FAT	1g
CARBOHYDRATES	18.7g
CALCIUM	830mg
IRON	0.93mg
MAGNESIUM	44mg
VITAMIN C	4mg

In Ayurvedic medicine, curry leaves are believed to have several medicinal properties such as anti-diabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and hepato-protective (capability to protect liver from damage) properties. The roots are used for treating body aches and the bark is used for snake bite relief.

HEALTH BENEFITS OF CURRY LEAVES

Pregnancy: Expectant mothers have also been using curry leaves to reduce the discomfort of morning sickness. This condition is usually seen in the first trimester of pregnancy. The changes in a pregnant woman’s hormones cause nausea that may lead to vomiting. A boiled essence of the bark is used to control nausea and prevent excessive.

Diarrhea: The carbazole extracts from curry leaves had significantly controlled castor oil-induced diarrhea. A bunch of curry leaves can be ground up and the paste can be eaten or the juice of the leaves can be consumed.

Fights Cancer: The chemical constituents found in curry leaves such as phenols are helpful in fighting cancers such as leukemia, prostate cancer and colorectal cancers.

Eye Disorder: The fresh juice of curry leaves are also used as an eye treatment for certain eye disorders, especially in arresting the development of cataract. Traditional practitioners suffuse the fresh extract of curry leaves in the eyes of patients who suffer from bad eyesight thus helping them to prevent early development of eye disorders.

Protects the Liver: Liver plays a major role in the digestive system and it needs to be protected from any attack by free radicals, as well as viral and bacterial attacks that can result in infection. Research on curry leaves has indicated that the tannins and carbazole alkaloids present in curry leaves exhibited good hepato-protective properties. They are also helpful in protecting the liver from various diseases such as hepatitis and cirrhosis.

Lowers Cholesterol Levels: Curry leaves are also known to reduce bad LDL cholesterol level.

Hair Growth: Curry leaves are believed to help in strengthening hair roots. Dry curry leaf powder mixed in oil can be applied to your hair with a quick massage. The paste from curry leaves can also be applied in cases of gray hair. Doing these on a regular basis can improve hair growth as well.

Anti-Diabetic Properties: Perhaps one of the biggest health benefits of curry leaves is its use in diabetes control. The anti-hyperglycemic properties of curry leaves were beneficial in controlling blood glucose levels in diabetic.

For requirements, please contact the below mail:

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CHARTERING BUSINESS

CHARTERING BUSINESS

Chartering is an activity within the shipping industry. In some cases a charterer may own cargo and employ a shipbroker to find a ship to deliver the cargo for a certain price, called freight rate. In a chartering business there are three types of persons involved.

01) Ship owner

02) Charterer

03) Brokers   

01) Ship owner: The person entering into the charter party with the charterer is known as the ship owner or owner who owns or operate ships. Some owners are of a single ship, others of large fleets. Some concentrate on ships of a particular type or size. Many ships are owned, in the legal sense, by financial institutions. This is usually because the ships are being purchased under a hire purchase arrangement. Some ship owners are state-controlled or run their ships under the flag of the country in which they reside, while others operate ships under a ‘convenient’ flag.

Operators who employ a ship and then re-employ that vessel for further business chartering her out in a new role are described as disponent owners or time charter owners.  A disponent owner is a party deemed to be the ship owner having control of the vessel by time charter.

02) Charterer: The person entering into the charter party with the ship owner is known as the charterer who in search of vacant cargo space for transporting his commodity.

Kinds of charterers

Ø  Individuals operating small corporations

Ø  Major international trading-houses

Ø  The owner of the goods to be carried.

Ø  The seller or the buyer of a commodity.

Ø  Intermediary between buyer and seller(third party)

Ø  Ship owners/NVOCC/MTO

Ø  Forwarders

03) Brokers: The individuals or corporations who identify supply and demand for ships and cargoes and thereby help the main-players to secure cargoes for their ships and ships for their cargoes are called shipbrokers or chartering brokers.

The chartering broker should keep both the ship owner and the charterer continuously informed about the market situation and the market development, about available cargo proposals and shipment possibilities.A typical deep-sea dry cargo fixture will involve at least two chartering brokers - one representing the ship owner, the other representing the charterer. Sometimes there will be more brokers in the chain.

BROKERAGE

The chartering broker’s income is in the form of the reward of commission or brokerage paid for a successful introduction and negotiation between ship owner and charterer leading to a fixture. Even after hard work and expense, a negotiation that does not lead to a fixture will normally result in no payment of any kind to the broker in the middle. Unless otherwise expressly agreed, commission is payable only on freight or hire earned and paid; it is customary in a voyage charter for this to be extended by agreement to allow commission to be payable on dead freight and/or demurrage, if any.

 On time charter similarly it can be extended to a ballast bonus. In chartering it is the usual practice for a commission clause to appear in the contract and the commission is customarily payable by the ship owner to the charterer's broker as well as to the owner's broker.

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